Shakespeare otherness in othello free essay sample

Otherness is not always understandable but it gives the reader an idea as to why certain characters act as the way they do. Race is one of the main topics in Othello that Shakespeare goes ahead and plays with. Othello being the only black man in the story he is different from the main characters. He is seen as a man of dignity, respect, and pride. Othello is different from the perceived view of darker colored folks at the time. Shakespeare uses racial otherness to toy around with the readers view of the characters. Most potent, grave, and reverend signiors, my very noble and approved good masters,. Hath this extent, o more. Rude am I in my speech, And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace,.. (Othello 79-85) Othello has what people of his skin color were perceived not to have which is somewhat of an education. Shakespeare instilled the exact opposite of the readers perception into Othello. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare otherness in othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Othello lets the Duke and all others know that he knows his place and tells them that he is not a good speaker, actually quite the awkward one but he switches the subject to the task at hand with having to go to Cyprus. Othello is seen using his quick whit at the beginning of the play to defer the Duke and men to the more important issue. Readers at this time would have been shocked to see a man of darker color with somewhat of a quick whit describing his best attributes to distract the Duke and let the duke know he knows his place. Shakespeare expressed to us the otherness in Othello because his battle experience and quick whit is possible for a man of his color Iago is the main cause of the entire ruckus that is going on throughout the playwright. He is responsible for the underlying Jealousy, trickery, and murderous revenge. Iago is seen as an educated individual who believes that he should be in a higher position like Cassio is. Iago is the biggest mystery throughout the playwright. His motives for the most part are unknown but he does mention why he is angry at times. Shakespeare uses lagos character to show the reader many things. Iago is white and he is othellos ensign. He is one of the most evil people having no motives for what he has done. He is a bitter man who feeds upon the torment of others to others. Shakespeare gives the reader an understanding of what type of person he is and also shows that a person of white upper class up bringing can be evil. He also shows the otherness of a white man serving under a darker skinned individual. Shakespeare brings up an interesting topic even hundred of years before its time. He shows the reader the otherness in Othello himself. Othello is a genuinely better person than Iago will ever be and he Just happens to be of darker color skin. l hate the Moor:0And it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets0He has done my office: I know not ift be true;0But l, for mere suspicion in that kind,0Will do as if for surety. (Othello 5 ) . He uses the apparent rumor that Emilia is sleeping with Othello even though it is not true he uses it to fuel part of his hatred towards Othello. Iago ay be a pathological liar that has no motives for his selfish acts. Iago is a manipulative psycho and deep d own probably wants to make Othello die in misery. He wants Othello to die with the image/stereotype of being of darker colored skin. Iago wanted to portray to everyone that Othello was and still is a savage. Shakespeare shows that even though Othello is of darker skinned he is a good man who is completely the opposite of the stereotype during this time period. Iago also uses Othellos gift to Desdemona against him. Othello tells Desdemona that the handkerchief was given to his mother from his father to show he was faithful. Othello sees the handkerchief as a symbol of marital fidelity and Iago sees it as a ticket to ruin Othello. Iago taking the very symbol of Desdemonas fidelity and turning it into what Othello thinks is Cassios personal napkin drives Othello insane. This helps bring up a major topic that Shakespeare wanted his readers to know about hundreds of years before it was addressed which is equality towards women. Emilia goes out of her way to help her husband out because she is desperate for love and attention. Iago still refuses to give her the love she wants from him and ironically she is ultimately the one that takes him down. Emilia in wanting to help her husband out brings up a subject not spoken about by women during that time being unfaithful. Emilia speaking to Desdemona states, Who would not make her husband a cuckold to make him a monarch? I should venture purgatory fort. (4. 3). Emilia talks about cheating on her husband for his own personal gain. She refers to going to purgatory for her sin but only because she loves him and wants to keep trying to please him. Emilia also brings up another good point that if a man can be unfaithful woman can be unfaithful as well thus referring to that men and women should be qual. Shakespeare shows the otherness by bringing up these topics of infidelity, being unfaithful and equality for women. Another major message that Shakespeare portrays is feminism. The biggest hero in the story was not actually a hero more like a heroine. Emilia represents otherness as a character because she is willing to go above and beyond the rules to do what she thinks is right. Emilia could have kept her mouth closed in the end about what really happened but she didnt. Emilia rose above the cold treatment that her husband gave her and did what was right. Emilia let the truth out to set her and Desdemonas story straight and show that their word was better then lagds word a killed the woman he loved. Othello didnt even want to hear what Desdemona had to say instead he disrespected her and hit her. Othello did not show his true love for her. Shes gone, I am abused, and my relief must be to loathe her. Oh, curse of marriage that we can call these delicate creatures ours and not their appetites! I had rather be a toad and live upon the vapor of a dungeon than keep a corner in the thing I love for others uses (Othello Othello has an aside and expresses how pset he is that a man of his stature and importance can get played the way he thought he was by Desdemona. Othellos love is childish he automatically hates Desdemona for her supposed acts of infidelity. Othellos male pride is seen and crushed. Shakespeare wants the reader to know that the insight of women is very important and should not be disregarded. Shakespeare again has brought the reader some very interesting topics before their times. Feminism, infidelity, and equality are all seen in this play, which helps the reader to see the otherness Shakespeare has created with his characters.

Australias role in ww2 essays

Australias role in ww2 essays Australias Role in World War 1 The Gallipoli campaign was a major land and sea operation of World War 1, in which British, French, Australian and New Zealand forces unsuccessfully attempted an invasion of turkey. The invasion was confined to the Dardanelles strait and the tip of the Gallipoli Peninsula near Istanbul. The Campaign arose with problems faced by Russia; Russia was allied to Britain and France. They wanted to send men and supplies to Europe although this supply route went from the black sea through the Sea of Marmara, then through the Dardanelle straits to the Mediterranean. Though the Turkish whom were allied to Germany and Austria controlled all of this area. The Turks insured that no allied supplies would get through to Russia, and as the Dardanelles was the key to Russias supply route. Russia asked the British and the French to clear the Dardanelles of Turkish control. The Dardanelles was a narrow stretch of water almost 100 km long The British decided that if they could successfully invade the Gallipoli peninsula it would allow them to open up the Dardanelles, land a large number of troops and invade the rest of Turkey. What initially was to be exclusively a naval affair failed in February 1915 when several British and French ships were damaged by floating mines. A land invasion was then decided on. They formed an allied force consisting of 75 000 men, 30 000 of which where ANZAC troops. The Australians were glad that they could begin fighting as they had become tired of waiting in Egypt, they had been training for 14 weeks under the command of Lieutenant-General William Birdwood. Their frustration and boredom led to riots and pranks in Cairo, these actions earned the Australian troops a name for being reckless and uncontrollable. There was a general sense of excitement among the troops when they knew they were finally going to take part in the war. The plan was for the ANZACS to land ...

Strategic Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Business Environment - Essay Example Although it cannot be argued that till date many of the businesses have been rallying around the concept of profit with some of the latest and evolving concepts like globalization, networking, etc., the commitment and implementation of the best practices in the different industries no doubt have given way to a more unrealistic approach towards running the businesses. It can also be observed that the fluctuating economies and large-scale downturns, etc. in turn adversely affecting the very sustainability of the human race on this globe has raised an alarm which is being taken seriously by all concerned. In fact there is an immediate need for implementing a more evolved strategic approach to business and consider the holistic environment for profitability. Though the present businesses do have a framework for conducting their businesses, incorporating other aspects to sustain and enhance their profitability to a higher extent needs to be looked at. Also, the trends and strategies that the businesses have adopted seem to be open ended and very much need to be improved for the benefit of the society. Bernstein expresses doubts of how responsible the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) adopted by the businesses is as they need to be transparent, produce quality, and be ethical and socially responsible on the whole (2007). Further, there is a need for continuous improvement in the strategies in all the industry sectors to ensure sustainable practices are constantly innovated and implemented and also cautiously discarding the inefficient and unethical practices that might have crept in over a period of time, thus affecting the strategy framework.

Sociology in the Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology in the Organization - Essay Example This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals in the sense that the organisation is structured according to the quality of the HR within it. Also, it shows the principles that are followed by the management in manning the organisation. (Burns et al, 1994) In this regard, this paper will seek to pitch the rational systems theorists like F W Taylor, Weber and Fayol, against modern day theorists like Jackall and, Burns and Stalkers. This paper will delve into the matter of whether or not the process of formalising organisational structures is palatable for modern day organisations. The range of study will also include traditional principles like the division of labour, the authority of line versus staff as well as the hierarchy of authority in achieving optimal spans of control. To begin with, let us describe the principles of scientific management as laid down by F W Taylor. Developed by Frederick W Taylor in the early 20th century, Scientific Management is a science based system of organizing the operational areas of the organization so as to ensure the existence of and implement various elements. These included placement of the right man at the right place, at the right time. Also, scientific management propagated a study of the motions and material handling practices within the organization, so as to find the fastest and easiest way of carrying out an activity. In this regard, there was a high level of focus on the implementation of cost accounting in all areas of operation activities so as make operations within the organization more cost effective. Further, Taylor regarded the de centralization of responsibility and authority so as to place a group of men under the supervision of one man, as an important element that could trigger greater efficiency w ithin the operational sphere of the organization. Finally, one of his most important principles was the division of work. He suggested this through the creation of room for four to eight functional foremen who will take care of various aspects of the overall task, so as to ensure that each sub task is carried out as regards minimum motion and cost per worker. (Taylor, 1947) These were the broad underlying principles upon which F W Taylor fashioned scientific management. This school of management thought followed experimentation and scientific rigor to demonstrate various findings. One of these, as will be tested below, adheres to the fact that through mediums like assembly line, it is possible for a group of people doing a few tasks, to out produce those doing all the tasks. (Taylor, 1947) These principles were in keeping with the division of labour and the hierarchy of authority, as propagated by Fayol and Weber. According to this rationalistic view, everything in the organisation has a place. Thereafter, every man is to take care of a certain aspect of operation. This division of labour is supervised by the distribution of authority so as to form an appropriate hierarchy. Every activity in the organisation takes place according to this hierarchy, whether it involves promotions or communication. The modern day organisation sees it HR in diverse roles, enabling the same to form informal structures where there is a distribution of energy and a mutual understanding which enables one man to finish the job that another could not do.

Emotions in the workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emotions in the workplace - Essay Example Emotions play an important role not only in a personal life of a person but also in his social and professional life. Hence, people who know how to handle their emotions intelligently, tend to succeed in their personal and professional lives. However, for emotions to be handled intelligently, it is important to know the different concepts of emotions. Emotion recognition is one of the most important aspects of emotional intelligence. Emotions of a person affect his communication pattern to a great extent, as emotions not only influence the thinking pattern of a person but also influence the physiology of a person. The behavior of a person is a result of an emotional state that he is going through. Hence, different emotions create different types of physiological changes in human being (Barlow and Maul 2000). They create physical activities and impulses that motivate a person to behave in certain way (Frijda 1986). For example, if a person is sad, he will sit with slouched shoulders and if a person is feeling happy, he will communicate openly and will display pleasant expressions on his face. This shows that different emotions are accompanied with different body gestures and expressions. Hence, if one needs to know how a person is likely to behave or react, one should read the emotion related clues given in his body language (Barl ow and Maul 2000). The ability to read the emotional state of a person through physical clues is known as emotion recognition. According to Mayer et al. (1990), emotion recognition is an â€Å"accurate appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself and others† (Elfenbein, Marsh and Ambady 2002). Emotion recognition is the ability to perceive other people’s emotion. It has been found that it is easy to read emotions from facial expressions of a person than from any other body language clues. Hence, it is vital to have an ability to read facial expressions (Elfenbein, Marsh and Ambady 2002). As emotion recognition is

Best Economic Rotation of Various Farm Grown Tree Species

Best Economic Rotation of Various Farm Grown Tree Species TITLE: DETERMINING THE BEST ECONOMIC ROTATION OF VARIOUS FARM GROWN TREE SPECIES. Abstract The innovative knowledge relating to the excellent economic rotation of Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham), Acacia nilotica (kikar) and Albizzia lebbeck (Shareen) grown in the farmlands of Pakistan, is still inediquate and erratic. It should be calculated on tehsil level as the growing rate of trees differ from area to area controlled by climate. According to this requirement, the present study has been planned. Tehsil Kot Addu of District Muzaffargarh will be choosen for this study. 5 villages of Tehsil Kot Addu will be selected randomly. From selected villages five fields having an area of five acre will be selected through random selection technique. Common type trees growing there will be assigned successive numbers. Tree height diameter at breast height (DBH) will be measured. The price of every standing tree will find out from the land owner. The data will be arranged in tabular form, organized and discounted at appropriate discount rate. Return on investment (R.O.I), Benefit cost rat io (B.C.R) and Net present worth (N.P.W) will be used as economic tools. Various rotations of trees will be checked to discover the economic rotation of each tree species. V. INTRODUCTION Forest plants supply basic necessities of life (food, fiber shelter) to a great size of people. The population of the world is increasing day by day and is predicted to be about 10 billion in the mid of 21st century. As a result, wood and wood products demand will also increase manifolds (UNO, 1995). In Pakistan there is deficiency of about 29 million cubic meters of timber. The rate of deforestation is increasing continuously at a rate of 2.5% annually. Population increase rate is 1.90% per annum, if the same situation continues, urban population will be doubled in the next 20 years and will surly lead to more deforestation for making way for humanity (Government of Pakistan, 2005). It has been narrated that eighty to ninety percent of rural need of home fuel demands are fulfilled by fire wood, in the primitive countries. Forests have a huge importance in Pakistan’s economy by supplying timber, fire wood and shelter for animals (Nouman et al., 2006). It has been narrated that, total houses of Pakistan in 2006 were 22.8 million, from which Punjab has 54.85% (12. 280 million houses). Out of the total houses (22.38 Million) just 20% (4.476 million) units had been provided natural gas while 80% (17.904 million) were depending on the other energy resources as fuel wood, dried animals dung, residues of crop, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), kerosene oil and charcoal (partial burnt wood) etc (Government of Pakistan, 2009). Nearly 32% energy demand is met by the wood biomass (FAO, 2009). As stated by Energy-Pakistan (2011) all the energy extracted from the informal energy means like mechanized waste, charcoal , residues of crops , cow dung, metropolitan waste and fire wood was 28Ãâ€"106 ton in 2008, from which 26.5Ãâ€"105 ton (95%) was acquired from fuel wood. This alarming situation had highlighted by (Government of Pakistan, 2005) which proposed that our forest resources will be destroyed in next 15 years due to huge deforestation for fuel wood and timber. Pakistan is at the 110th country in the world by his forest resources as announced in 2011 by United Nations General Assembly (Chaudhry, 2011). The world’s forest cover is about 30% whereas Pakistan has only 4.8% (4.2 million hectares) out of 88 million hectares (Anonymous, 2005). On the other hand, it is only 2% as stated by (FAO, 2011). Thus, Pakistan has the scant quality forest resources along with minimum ratio as compared to the world (Mcketta, 1990). Pakistan has 0.001ha per capita forest resources while in the world it is devoted 1.00 ha per capita (FAO, 2011) including small contribution of forest sector to our economy. Cultivation of trees with agricultural crops is an old method of obtaining various benefits from the same piece of land. Kalinganire et al., 2008) stated that Farm forestry is a beneficial combination of trees or woody plants with agricultural crops at the same land piece either in a chronological or longitudinal arrangement in such a way that both cost-effective and biological collaboration occurs between them. In Pakistan about 60% of timber and 90% of total fuel wood needs are acquired by the tree plants grown on farmlands. (Rahim and Hasnain, 2010). Land owners grow tree plants on their farms and they harvest them without any proper/optimum rotation. This may cause economic loss because inflation and market price strongly affects the farmer’s economic benefits. The present research has been planned to determine the optimum economic rotation of various farm grown tree species. It may lead the farmers to maximum benefit. All this needs to carry out at the gross root level (D istrict Tehsil level) because the tree growth rate strongly differs from place to place. Present research is lacking in literature. There is no any information available in the literature related to the best economic rotation of different farm grown tree species in Pakistan, Punjab at tehsil level. So, this study was planned with these two objectives. To find out the best economic rotation of various farm grown tree species in Kot Addu. To determine the level of profitability of farmers/ tree growers in Kot Addu. VIREVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Farm forestry has numerous benefits so farmers raise various woody plants along with agricultural crops for obtaining shelter for animals, fire wood and timber. Trees also beneficial as bio remedial measures for the control of pollution and erosion (Zubair and Garforth, 2005). Farmers prefer Acacia nilotica because it is a fast growing species and easily propagated. Similarly, Dalbergia sissoo and Albizia lebbeck are very important for production of fuel wood and timber. Naturally grown trees make haphazard landscape in farms but genius farmers adjust the tree plants on suitable place like boundaries of fields. In addition, Acacia nilotica render the economic benefits at the age of 10-15 years to the farmers. Timber merchants confer in order to reach an agreement with the farmer regarding to the price of fuel wood and timber wood. Nouman et al., 2006) reported that Daphar irrigated plantations were running in the profit with a benefit cost ratio of 1.29. High mortality rate of tree plants lead to less income in first 10 years. But next twenty years lead to greater income due to greater number of tree plants. In the study, the rotation of Dalbergia sissoo was 20 year (Azharet al., 2011). In 3 Tehsils of District Faisalabad viz; Samundari, Jaranwala, Faisalabad linear and compact plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis were evaluated. Economic benefits of those 3 plantations were considered. For Eucalyptus camaldulensis linear and block plantations of Short rotations (5-6 years) were most profitable (Majid, 1995). Friday et al., 2000) determined the net present worth of 50 acres teak (Tectonagrandis) plantation. He determined that 35 years rotation was more profitable than 40 or more years rotation. Posavec et al., 2004) determined the best economic rotation in Croatia for even aged tree stand. The net present value of 20 years and 150 years of trees was calculated. He stated that 20-130 years stand was continuously increasing because the mean annual increment for the stand was increased. But the net value for the age of 130-150 decreased because of decrease in mean annual increment of the stand for the same period. Tanvir et al., 2002) stated that in different zones of Central Punjab Eucalyptus camaldulensis gained maximum volume /mean annual increment in 8th year of its growth. Although Maximum increase in volume was in 7th year. But the worth of tree don’t rise in the ratio to the volume/year. Although the price per tree gradually increased with increase in volume per year but price per cubic foot decreased continuously after 8th year .Therefore, his suggestion is to harvest the tree plants during early age (within 7 year) in order to get maximum income. Economic evaluation of Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation was carried out. It was determined that the plantations established for the betterment of soil provide more socio economic and environmental values at the age of 11 years. If the plantation is harvested after the economic age then it will surly lead the farmers to economic loss. On the other hand, Eucalyptus camaldulensis plantation grown for the purpose of pulp wood production achieved the maximum growth at 5-8 years of age. At this age, there is maximum net present worth and mean annual increment of the plantation. After this economic age, there is a decrease in mean annual increment, so, the owner of the plantation is directed to the economic loss (Niskanen, 1997). Chaudhry et al., 2003) determined the comparative growth of Poplar under pure stand and agroforestry system. He reported that rotation of Poplar in intercropping agroforestry system was more economic at 4th and 6th years of age as compared to the pure Populus deltoids stand. It was further reported that 8 year rotation age of Poplar was uneconomical for both systems of plantations.

The Horrors of Animal Euthanasia Essay -- Euthanasia Physician Assiste

The Horrors of Animal Euthanasia   Ã‚  Ã‚   Due to the domestication of cats and dogs their populations have skyrocketed. This is due in part to the lack of pet owners acting in a  responsible manner. These responsibilities include the spaying and neutering of   pets. These numbers of homeless animals in communities have caused humane societies to euthanize too many animals. This, I feel is a violation to animal rights and is a cruel way for these animals to have to leave this world. I disagree with the activists who believe that the way to keep animal populations down is to euthanize these poor animals. Nothing good could come from the slaughtering of these animals. Fostering large numbers of animals in communities is an overwhelming task, but there are many solutions to this problem. The euthanizing of animals is wrong and all shelters should switch to a no-kill policy.   Ã‚  Ã‚   There are too many animals in the shelters. Animal control officers are forced to put these animals to sleep that could have made loving and affectionate pets. ( Open Your Hearts Mission, p.1 ). Last year at the Vanderburgh Humane Society 2022 unwanted cats and dogs were put to death. These animals were taken to the E-room in the back where   they were injected with a syringe of cool-blue liquid death. After a few seconds the animal fell limp and eventually its heart stopped. Employees at the humane society have the task of deciding which of these animals should be euthanized. This is not something they enjoy and take pride in doing. Usually after a few days the animals which have not been adopted will be euthanized. The ones that are sick or hurt are the first ones to go. The events that take place in the process of the euthanization of... ... http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/othrdata/crp/crp.htm Executive Summary.   (1997).   Fish and Wildlife Service   Internet. http://www.fws.gov/~r9mbmo/issues/arcgoose/parti/execsum.html The Goose Crisis.   (1997).   The Goose Crisis   Internet. http:www.und.nodak.edu/org/ndwild/sgcrisis2.html Kantrud, Harold A., Rolf R. Koford, Douglas H. Johnson, and Michael D. Schwartz. (1993).   The Conservation Reserve Program  Ã‚   Internet.   http://www.npsc.nbs.gov/resource/othrdata/crp/crp.htm Mountain Lion.   (1997).   Kidsfarm   Internet.   http://www.kidsfarm.com/lions.htm Too Much of a Good Thing.   (1997).   Internet.   http://udwild.psych.und.nodak.edu/HTMLPages/goosecrisis.html Trophy Hunting of Mountain Lions: A History of Deception.   (1995).   California  Ã‚   Mountain Lion   Internet. http://www.sierraclulb.org/chapters/ca/mountain-lion/history.html

Iced coffee Essay

The global spread of coffee growing and drinking all started with a curious goat and that’s what legends say. 9th century Ethiopian goat herder Kaldi drank a concoction made from the beans after seeing his energetic goats eat them. The Sufi monks of Yemen in the 15th century were said to drink it as well. During the 17th century when coffee was introduced to Europe, the popularity of cafes followed the same pattern as most coffee houses around the world. It quickly became a venue for people to congregate, exchange views, write poems, plays, and political testaments, conduct business transactions, participate in cultural exchange and often relax with a good book. The popularity of coffee shop had served as a mailing address, because many people were regulars. When you want to go to exchange news, share ideas and get advice, you go to a coffee shop. It has been that way for quite some time. Coffee shops had been places of learning; of making business deals; scientific, literary, political, philosophical, and economic discussions; and even the typical gossip. At the beginning of the nineteenth century nearly all coffee exported on the world market was produced by European colonies. Two-thirds came from French colonies. But despite the fact that the following century would witness what Eric Hobsbawm called â€Å"The Age of Empire† and Lance Davis termed â€Å"high imperialism†, colonialism would cease being important in coffee production. (Though colonies certainly continued to be vital to the production of tea and sugar. ) This occurred precisely at the same time that coffee consumption rose vertiginously in most European colonial powers. Coffee was treated differently than sugar and rubber in the nineteenth century Age of Empire because its low technological demands meant that an independent country richly endowed with the factors of production, Brazil, could begin producing on an unprecedented scale. Cheap fertile land and slave labor allowed coffee prices to plummet after 1820 and remain low until the last quarter of the century creating supply-induced demand. Brazil’s exports jumped 75 fold between independence in 1822 and 1899. World consumption grew more than 15 fold in the nineteenth century. Consumers were not very price conscious because they were long buffered from recognizing the price. If they drank in cafes, they were unaware of the type of coffee they were drinking. As the price of one sort rose, cafe owners often blended in cheaper substitute grades rather than raise their price. he same seems to have been true for grocers. Rather than risk losing their clientele, they competed on blends, not on price. They also sought to keep prices constant. Price rises were often not passed on to the consumer. Instead, cheaper blends were used or grocers reduced their profit margin. Moreover, as coffee sipping became customary and even habit-forming, it was transformed into a necessity for many. As a result, coffee in the twentieth century became price and income inelastic. Thus we are presented with the irony that the international coffee market at the turn of the twentieth century, one of the world’s largest commodity markets, was relatively price inelastic (within in a reasonably large range) at both the production and the consumption end, though profit-driven commercial and industrial intermediaries were extremely conscious of price. In other words, it was quite imperfect. The Philippine Coffee Company (PCC) says the first coffee tree was introduced in Lipa, Batangas, in 1740 by a Spanish Franciscan monk and soon spread to neighboring towns of Ibaan, Lemery, San Jose, Taal, and Tanauan. â€Å"Batangas owed much of its wealth to the coffee plantations in these areas and Lipa eventually became the coffee capital of the Philippines. We are one of the few countries that produces the four varieties of commercially viable coffee: Arabica, Liberica (Barako), Excelsa, and Robusta. This is attributed to the country’s climate and soil ranging from the lowlands of southern Luzon to the mountain ranges of the Cordillera and Mindanao. â€Å"In 1880, the Philippines was the fourth largest exporter of coffee beans, and when the coffee rust hit Brazil, Africa, and Java, it became the only source of coffee beans worldwide,† PCC says. Our glory days as one of the world’s coffee centers lasted until 1889 when coffee rust hit the Philippine shores, coupled with an insect infestation. Production plunged to 1/6th its original amount. By then, Brazil had regained its position as the world’s leading producer of coffee. A few of the surviving coffee seedlings were transferred from Batangas to Cavite, where they flourished. Our ranking fell because many of the coffee growing areas – like rice fields and salt beds of Las Pinas – were eaten by housing and commercial developments. Less area was allotted to coffee because farmers had shifted to other cash crops. Today’s Coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages. Some claim it is the most widely consumed liquid in the world aside from water. Coffee’s success as a beverage undoubtedly owes both to the caffeine it harbors and to its sensory pleasure. Coffee lovers come to associate the energizing lift of the caffeine with the richness and aroma of the beverage that delivers it. In our culture, bookstores are also seen as social, intellectual and downright hip. Many bookstores are a place of community where people gather and know one another and talk. The atmosphere in a bookstore typically invites customers to relax and browse the shelves. The concept of a bookstore and coffee house is a good combination that will perfectly gives the bookworm persons and a coffee lover the opportunity to purchase their favorite titles and discover new books while relaxing and enjoying a cup of coffee. The Company is then formed because of the said conceptualized idea and inspiration. COMPANY PROFILE The name of the company will be CTB that stands for COFFEE, TABLE, BOOK. The company’s name was originated from the idea of coffee table book which means a hardcover book that is intended to sit on a coffee table or similar surface in an area where guests sit and are entertained, thus inspiring conversation or alleviating boredom. They tend to be oversized and of heavy construction, since there is no pressing need for portability. The Company CTB will be a combination of piles of books ready for reading and a comfortable cafe that provides place for bookworms to sip coffee and talk with their friends while enjoying their books. It is a modern type of library and a much more public place for reading with a twist for having a cafe in it. It is a very interesting place for a person who wants to meet new people who are also interested in reading, studying and exploring new things and ideas through books. The cafe is really just an addition to the whole idea. It gives new impression to reading. Reading with a cup of coffee or tea with you is a lot better than reading without anything to drink or eat. It’s a higher level of coming into a public place to look for interesting books and a cafe with it. TAGLINE â€Å"Cool your coffee and bring it closer to your heart and mind. † Our tagline represents our business in the most promising way. We decided to state it as cool your coffee, â€Å"cool† meaning call your coffee. Cool because we want it to be mind-teasing and catchy so that customers will notice the line and think. Call your coffee and order it in the CTB shop to relax while reading your favorite novels and bring it closer to your heart and mind. Customers will definitely bring it closer to their heart because the coffee goes to the heart and down to the veins of an individual. The heart and the mind as we all know, is really Like Coffee, Table, Books shop, customers will hold our business close to their hearts and mind, remembering every moment they’ve had with us. Every learning they will earn with what they have read, we are assuring them that they will treasure everything we have shared with them forever. LOCATION The CTB store is located in 1199 unit 5 ground flr. Lemon Square Building, Edsa, Munoz Quezon City with the size of 102. 50 square meters. There are adequate parking space and have reasonably priced per square meter. Rental payments as well additional payment will be stated within the leasing terms including the registration of utilities and amenities. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION VISION To become the foremost Coffee shop in the local and international industry providing the best products and high quality experience. MISSION. To create a unique, comfortable and relaxing environment while enjoying the best hot and cold coffee drinks at an affordable price making it perfect. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES †¢ To increase the frequency of customers’ visitations. †¢ To maintain positive sales growth and increase market share. †¢ Increase brand awareness †¢ To open new branches of stores nationwide every year. †¢ To ensure that equipments used for cold and hot coffee drinks are well-maintained and in good condition. †¢ Develop new products and innovate services yearly. †¢ Develop an increase in sales while achieving a status quo state and decrease in marketing expenses. †¢ To create a cozy and relaxing ambiance. †¢ To give seminars and trainings to employees and retain their Standard Operating Procedures. †¢ To improve promotional activities and advertisements quarterly †¢ To listen and implement feedbacks, suggestions and opinions of customers for the improvement and betterment of the business. COMPANY’S FORM OF ORGANIZATION The company CTB is a sole proprietor type of business because the owner’s primary purpose is to generate profit. A sole proprietorship is a business owned by a single individual. This sole owner is responsible for the entire business and accepts complete responsibility for the business’s liabilities, as well as its income. Unlike other legal structures, the sole proprietorship requires less paperwork and is subject to few business restrictions and regulations. ? Characteristics of Sole Proprietor Management and Control A sole proprietorship is operated by a single individual; thus, the sole proprietor has exclusive management and control of the business. Personal Liability A sole proprietor is personally liable for all obligations and debts of the business. Thus, the business assets and personal assets of the sole proprietor are subject to the risks of the business. Moreover, in California, if the owner is married, the martial community property is at risk and subject to attachment by creditors. If the business is conducted under a name which does not show the owner’s surname or implies the existence of additional owners, the owner is required to file a fictitious name certificate and publish a notice in the newspapers. Capitalization There are no rules governing capitalization of a sole proprietorship. Continuity of Existence The sole proprietorship continues as long as the sole proprietor desires to operate the business and is legally competent. If the business owner is adjudged legally incompetent, becomes incapacitated, or dies, the sole proprietorship ceases to exist. An owner may sell the business as he or she chooses. Taxation A sole proprietor is taxed on business income and may deduct allowable business expenses on his or her personal income tax return. ? Advantages of Sole Proprietor Easy formation: The formation of sole proprietorship business is very easy and simple. No legal formalities are involved for setting up the business excepting a license or permission in certain cases. The entrepreneur with initiative and certain amount of capital can set up such form of business. Direct motivation: The entrepreneur owns all and risks all. The entire profit goes to his pocket. This motivates the proprietor to put his heart and soul in the business to earn more profit. Thus, the direct relationship between effort and reward motivates the entrepreneur to manage the business more efficiently and effectively. Better control: The entrepreneur takes all decisions affecting the business. He chalks out the plan and executes the same. His eyes are on everything and everyone. There is no scope for laxity. This results in better control of the business and ultimately leads to efficiency. Promptness in decision-making: When the decision is to be taken by one person, it is sure to be quick. Thus, the entrepreneur as sole proprietor can arrive at quick decisions concerning the business by which he can take the advantage of any better opportunities. Secrecy: Each and every aspect of the business is looked after by the proprietor and the business secrets are known to him only. He has no legal obligation to publish his accounts. Thus, the maintenance of adequate secrecy leaves no scope to his competitors to be aware of the business secrets. Flexibility in operations: The sole proprietorship business is undertaken on a small scale. If any change is required in business operations, it is easy and quick to bring the changes. Scope for personal touch: There is scope for personal relationship with the entrepreneur and customers in sole proprietorship business. Since the scale of operations is small and the employees work under his direct supervision, the proprietor maintains a harmonious relationship with the employees. Similarly, the proprietor can know the tastes, likes and dislikes of the customers because of his personal rapport with the customers. Inexpensive formation and management: The cost of formation of a sole proprietorship is the minimum because no cost is involved in its formation excepting the license fee in certain cases. The management of the business is also inexpensive as no specialists are normally appointed in various functional areas of the business which is the added advantages. Free from Government control: Sole proprietorship is the least regulated form of business. Regulated laws are almost negligible in its formation, day-to-day operation and dissolution. Easy dissolution: Like that of formation, the dissolution of the sole proprietorship is also very easy. Since the proprietor is the supreme authority and no regulations are applicable for closure of the business he can dissolve his business any time he likes. Socially desirable: New and small entrepreneurs can take up business on small- scale basis. There will be no scope for concentration of wealth in few hands. Sole proprietorship continues its operation in almost each and every area of business activity and caters to the need of the society. Further, it provides ample opportunities for large-scale self-employment for rural and less skilled personnel. Thus, it is socially desirable. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES CTB will offer its customers the best tasting coffee beverages in the area. This will be achieved by using high-quality ingredients and strictly following preparation guidelines. The store layout, menu listings and marketing activities will be focused on maximizing the sales of higher margin espresso drinks. Along with the espresso drinks, brewed coffee, as well as some refreshment beverages will be sold in the coffee shop. CTB will also offer its clients, cookies, muffins, sandwiches and bread. On the other hand, the store offerings will be supplemented by small range of books, magazine and other references that customers can read while drinking coffee. Sandwiches and Breads Muffins Cookies Croissants Donuts PRODUCT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT The Product Research and Development Plan of CTB will provide a clear framework of challenging targets for the consumer over the next years. Strategic view of the needs and opportunities to achieve outcomes that meet the expectations of industry will be the key to the success of this plan. Within the next two years, the company was expected to branch out in different areas of Metro Manila and other provinces. As seasons change, CTB will be offering products that will enhance sales and satisfy its customers’ desires. During summer months, CTB will subsidize lower hot beverage sales with frozen coffee drinks, as well as soft drinks, and other cold beverages. CTB will also have special beverages during holiday seasons. The CTB will carry a variety of quality products that will enable to provide full service delivery to espresso stands and coffee houses that will be offered 1 year after the store was established. The company’s underlying philosophy in selecting products is to choose lines that will bring consistent quality, competitive prices, and product satisfaction to our customers. The coffee shop trend continues because there is a huge demand for it. If you took a road trip across America, you would find coffee shops on just about every corner. While the biggest and most well-known chain is Starbucks, you will also see many mom-and-pop coffee shops or small coffee shop stands. Even gas stations sell coffee to truckers and other travelers on the road. Brazil has by far the most coffee drinkers worldwide, so you will certainly notice that the coffee shop trends are very popular in Brazil. Some people even say that they can smell the aroma of coffee in the air. Coffee with no sugar or added creamers has no calories, and coffee shops have come up with the trend of offering many coffee drinks and treats that are low-fat. Our generation grew up thinking of coffee as a morning pick-me-up and after dinner drink for adults only. The 18-24 year old group has a different view of coffee, thanks to the coffee shop culture. Where older generations gathered at the local soda shop, these kids made the local coffee shop their afternoon hangout. Starbucks and other local chains improved their coffees with flavors, sugar and many creams. This makes their coffee more appealing to the younger crowd. As those kids graduate from high school and move on to college, they’re finding that their love of coffee moves along with them. MARKETING STRATEGY CTB’s marketing strategy will be focused at getting new customers, retaining the existing customers, getting customers to spend more and come back more often. Establishing a loyal customer base is of a paramount importance since such customer core will not only generate most of the sales but also will provide favorable referrals. |Iced Coffee |Hot Chocolate |Chocolate |Sandwiches and Breads | |Latte |Hot Vanilla |Mocha |Muffins | |Frap | |Vanilla |Cookies | |Espresso | |Cookies and Cream |Croissants | | | |Hazelnut |Donuts | †¢ POSITIONING The company will be positioned as a brand providing high quality products at reasonable prices for busy, mobile people whose time is already at a premium, but desires refreshing beverages in a welcoming space that fosters a warm, comfortable and professional environment. †¢ DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL Distribution channels move products and services from businesses to consumers and to other businesses. Given the importance of distribution channels along with the limited resources generally available to small businesses it is particularly important for entrepreneurs to make a careful assessment of their channel alternatives, because an effective channel of distribution strategy is also a major contributing factor for the success of any business entity to be established. Raw materials will be purchased from the suppliers and then delivered to the house of the sole proprietor for storage. The ingredients needed for the production of the final product are made available at the food stall processed into a final product to be served to the customers. The proposed business can offer and acquire sales directly from the market because it has the advantage of having the direct contact with the consumer. †¢ ADVERTISING AND PROMOTIONS We would adopt the following promotion strategies: o Loyalty Cards. o Coffee Feedback Cards o Refills only half the price o Coffee tasting event promotion o Seasonal product promotion o Meal-Focused Promotions o Provide Complementary Services and Products o Print Advertisements in different designated locations o Social Networking (engage fans in twitter, Facebook, Youtube and other photo sharing sites. ) MANAGEMENT PLAN Background and primary responsibilities of the management team In any business, employees have important roles in an organization towards achieving the business’s goal. The management aspect of COFFEE,TABLE,BOOK or CTB is composed of proposed techniques and strategies that will be used for the improvement of its employees. These can be done through proper hiring and training of workers. Every employee have their specific duties and responsibilities in building up a business. There will be a designated work and section for each of them in a period of time. The shuffling of assigned tasks are expected for the employees’ versatility and for them to be an effective, efficient and knowledgeable about their jobs. With proper utilization of its resources, it would be sure that the company will yield its expected return of income. The success of this project lies on the efficient and effective use of human resources in the following functions of management such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling. The top management of the business shall carry out its responsibilities by governing its employees and being responsible in taking in to actions the policies of the company. Also, they will be in charge of monitoring and supervising the trainees and former employees as well. It is very substantial to know the capacity and capability of the people working inside the organization and their manner of interrelationship with other employees as well as with the management. A manager will look after the employees and will assure that every employee are working and striving for the business standards. Overall, every person shall work effectively and contribute skills in order to achieve success of the organization. CTB Coffee,Table,Book [pic] by: Busita, Lorica R. Dionco, Criselda Marie A. Dumencel, Roshell B. Reyes, Jenny Lyn M. Rivera, Juvia Katte M.

Extra Credit Example

Extra Credit Example Extra Credit – Coursework Example Lecturer Essay #4 Opera and singing In this interview conducted by Terry Gross of Fresh Air, Dolora Zajick gives an insight to heropera career and how it began. Zajick is the director of the Institute of Young dramatic Voices which focuses on usual voices. This is an informative interview, especially for upcoming opera singers still learning their trades. She offers insights into how it feels to sing opera and the secrets towards a successful career in opera singing and generally in music. I have learned three main ideas from the interview that have helped me understand what singing opera is about and how to become a successful opera singer. First, it is important to learn to concentrate in what is happening at the moment in order to bring the best out of yourself. Zajick says that signing is connected to the body, and most of the expressions come from a form of kinesthetic awareness. Therefore, it is important to focus on what you are doing at the time and concrete. Secondly, Zajic k has highlighted the importance of relaxation. To be a good singer, one needs to relax. The best way to achieve this is by letting things go. You don’t have to do many things at a time but instead figure out what you want to do and isolate it form other things. Exercise on what you need to use. Finally, in the interview, Zajick has also explained how important it is for artists to take care of themselves. For example, a good singer should not let minor health issues such as colds interfere with his/her singing. She, for instance, she sleeps on her stomach in order to maintain her vocals. Therefore, understanding and taking good care of one’s body is important. Zajick, Dolora. â€Å"For Opera Powerhouse Dolora Zajick, Singing Is Connected To The Body. † interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air. NPR, 2014. Web 8 May 2014. Extra Credit Example Extra Credit – Coursework Example The Power of Opera The interview with Dolora Zajick is very revealing concerning singing techniques used in opera as well as general attitudes and perception of opera by general audience. The interviewer herself has just discovered the power of opera; her point of view is important to deliver the message that opera which is considered to be dull and boring should not be perceived stereotypically. Opera singers are actors; their dramatic voices are used to render not only the power of voice but the plot of the opera, feelings, impressions and psychological world of their character. Dolora Zajick’s aria from Aida looks as a scene from a movie. It is very engaging because of the power of her voice, her gestures, mimics, costume and props. I think it is a good example to convince people that they do not need to think about opera in negative light. It is not enough to have a big dramatic voice to become an opera singer. One needs to be an actor because opera is not as simple in its form and structure.Dolora Zajick’s activities are very motivating for young people. She helps young talents to find their path into opera. Young dramatic and big voices are often mocked in high school choruses where all students are expected to be ordinary. People with big voices cannot reveal their voice in pop music or other common genres. Opera is not very popular with general audience; it is the reason why people often choose not to sing at all. Dolora Zajick gives them a great opportunity to realize their potential in opera singing and encourages young people to try opera. She is a great person with good sense of humor and positive attitude towards all people. She tries to make opera closer to people and gives them more chances to understand the complexity of this art. Work CitedGloss, Terry and Dolora Zajick. â€Å"For Opera Powerhouse Dolora Zajick, Singing Is Connected To The Body†. March 19, 2014. Web. May 9, 2014.

Art Essay Essays

Art Essay Essays Art Essay Essay Art Essay Essay Fearing a Savage Goyaâ„ ¢s painting, Saturn, comprises of a man being appalled by an unknown creature, as in Goldings novel, Lord of the Flies, the boys stranded on the island are in fear of a snake like beastie that haunts the island. Goya and Golding exhibit the emotional state of humans when intimidated by the unknown by creating a vivid series of images throughout with a unique style, mood, and a concrete symbol. The images that are in the painting, illustrate a very gruesome creature consuming a human being pleasurably. This thought can also be found throughout the novel, in the minds of the littluns. Once the boy with the mulberry mark on his face, claimed that he saw a snake-thing, all the littluns were terrified by this creature or beastie (Golding 35). The painting exemplifies this idea of imagination. Another way, both Golding and Goya exhibit the emotional state of humans when intimidated by the unknown is by setting a unique style. In the novel, Golding has a very simple style with deep subject matter. The painting compliments this, through a very simple picture. The painting of the creature isnâ„ ¢t too detailed but has a very disturbing thought. The mood in both the image and the novel are complimentary at definite times. The image through the use of very dark colors gives a dark, solemn, bloodcurdling gruesome mood. This same mood can be found when the littluns dear is talked about. An additional technique that both Golding and Goya both use to exhibit the emotional state of mind when intimidated by the unknown, is symbolism. In the novel, the imagination is shown as very wild and impacting. Once the littluns heard, the boy with the mulberry mark on his face, talk bout the creature their imaginations created their own picture due to the lack of details provided. The image, illustrates one possible appearance of the beastie. Both the painting and the images in the littluns minds all symbolize manâ„ ¢s fear of the beastie. Fear of anything that can possibly harm him. Fear of anything unknown. Chapter 2, Fire on the Mountain, and in the painting , Saturn by Goya, both build a foundation to initiate the fear that spreads drastically throughout the novel. The painting exhibits fear of a creature. Which can lead to fearing anything unknown, this fear has been demonstrated that it can take away nobility and turn humans into dangerous savages. These dangerous savages can even take life away with no emotional or mental destruction, as exposed in the painting.

Intercultural conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intercultural conflict - Essay Example He took it as if I was ridiculing a practice he deems acceptable and logical. He asked, â€Å"What did you gain from such comment?† I was caught off-guard, and failed to see the root cause immediately. He also said that I got annoyed because I realized that there are so many immigrants in my country already. I was shocked because that topic was over a week ago already. He also said I was just against their practices and beliefs. My friend received the meta-message of what was supposed to be a casual and innocent remark negatively. Here, it is obvious that the individual differences between the sender and the receiver of the message affect how the meta-message (underlying meaning of the message) is interpreted. The conflict had micro, meso, and macro dimensions of conflict (Sorrells 182). The micro dimension is the difference in the ways we were raised. He failed to see the lightness in my comment because he is not used to careless remarks. He was brought up in a serious manner, while I grew up in a very open and light-hearted family circle. There are even times when he takes jokes seriously, because he does not know that it was supposed to be a joke. The meso dimension is his linking himself to immigrants. It seems like he sees Americans as coming from a different group, and that immigrants will always be outsiders. Interestingly, that is how he thinks Americans think of them. The macro dimension is the differences in our religions. My friend sees the Islamic garb as something important and logical, and he took offense on how lightly and jokingly I referred to it. It is insensitivity on my part, though, not to have considered this. While there may be three dimensions present in this intercultural conflict, the solution, basically, is in the careful sending and interpretation of the meta-messages in every communication. Being careful means not letting assumptions hinder one from seeing what the sender of the message is

African American Religion Hoodoo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

African American Religion Hoodoo - Essay Example Although most of its adherents are black, contrary to popular opinion, it has always been practiced by both whites and blacks in America. Other regionally popular names for hoodoo in the black community include "con-juration," "conjure," "witchcraft," "rootwork," and "tricking." The hoodoo tradition places emphasis on personal magical power and thus it lacks strong links to any spe-cific form of theology and can be adapted to any one of several forms of outward reli-gious worship. Although an individual practitioner may take on students, hoodoo is not an obviously hierarchical system. Teachings and rituals are handed down from a one practitioner to another, but there are no priests or priestesses and no division be-tween initiates and laity (Haskins, 1978, p. 13, 124). Like the folk magic of many other cultures, hoodoo attributes magical properties to herbs, roots, minerals (especially the lodestone), animal parts, and the personal pos-sessions and bodily effluvia of people. The African origins of hoodoo can clearly be seen in such non-European magical customs as jinxing, hot footing, foot track magic, crossing, and crossroads magic, in which are embedded remnants of the folkloric be-liefs of various African tribes.